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UPI’s Zero-MDR Model: A Policy That Was Bound to Change?
Introduction : Unified Payments Interface (UPI) has been a promising technology of India’s digital economy for years. Be it a roadside peddler/vendor or a large retailer, it has made digital payments instant and without a visible transaction fee. The “free” payment system often raises an economic question: who pays for the infrastructure that makes such transactions free? The question suddenly becomes relevant because from 15th October 2026, a Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) of
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